🐍 Python Conditional Statements (if, elif, else)

In Python (programming language), conditional statements allow your program to make decisions and execute certain code only if a condition is True. They are essential for controlling the flow of a program.

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🔹 1️⃣ The if Statement

The if statement executes a block of code only if the condition is True.

Syntax:

if condition:
    # code to execute

Example:

age = 18if age >= 18:
    print("You are an adult")

Output:

You are an adult

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🔹 2️⃣ The else Statement

The else statement executes a block of code if the if condition is False.

Syntax:

if condition:
    # code if True
else:
    # code if False

Example:

age = 15if age >= 18:
    print("You are an adult")
else:
    print("You are a minor")

Output:

You are a minor

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🔹 3️⃣ The elif Statement

The elif (short for else if) statement allows you to check multiple conditions. It is used between if and else.

Syntax:

if condition1:
    # code if condition1 True
elif condition2:
    # code if condition2 True
else:
    # code if all False

Example:

marks = 85if marks >= 90:
    print("Grade: A")
elif marks >= 75:
    print("Grade: B")
elif marks >= 60:
    print("Grade: C")
else:
    print("Grade: F")

Output:

Grade: B

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🔹 4️⃣ Nested Conditional Statements

You can also nest if statements inside another if or else.

Example:

age = 20
gender = "male"if age >= 18:
    if gender == "male":
        print("Adult Male")
    else:
        print("Adult Female")
else:
    print("Minor")

Output:

Adult Male

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⭐ Key Points

• if → executes code when condition is True
• elif → checks additional conditions if previous if or elif is False
• else → executes when all previous conditions are False
• Conditions often use comparison operators (>, <, ==, etc.) and logical operators (and, or, not)
• Indentation is critical; Python uses indentation to define code blocks